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A clear and famous example of this misunderstanding is given by Shakespeare’s Midsummer Night’s Dream, in which he incorporated most of the legendary traditions known in England.Īccording to Laura F. After the publication of Spenser’s Faerie Queene, fairies were identified with nymphs and elves, and distinctions became confused. Other three connotations of the term ‘fairy’ can be outlined: it represented the country of the Fays (Abode of the Faes) the people of Fairyland (its inhabitants) and eventually, the individual in Fairyland (the Fairy Knight or Elf). Moreover, this term can be associated with the Italian word ‘fata’. The English word derives from the French form of the root fee (or feerie), that stands for ‘illusion’ or ‘enchantment’ and, in old French romance, a ‘woman skilled in magic’.
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The origin of the word ‘fairy’ is the Latin fatum, which means ‘to enchant’.
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“The Märchen or Magic Tale is the diminutive form of the old German mär meaning a short story, is the technical term for what was earlier and is still called, in the English-speaking world, the magic tale, the fairy tale, or sometimes the hero tale.” Academicians utilize the German term Märchen in order to express this concept: They often feature one-dimensional characters which undergo a physical or mental transformation and hardly ever contain actual fairies, even though several supernatural creatures are present (such as giants, witches or ogres). As a result, everything seems to be in order and the intimate human desire of the ideal world is eventually satisfied.Īlso known as Märchen, fairy tales involve magical and fantastic characters, events and symbols, they are not believed to be true and are always set in timeless, generic and unspecified places. Bloody or cruel incidents are not deleted from their own context, but they are collocated in a specific place. Their aim is not to embellish or transfigure the real world since the world transfigure itself spontaneously: they see the world in the same way they create it. They are adventure story which embrace the whole universe, the form of which is characterized by the concentration and sublimation: clarity and mystery pervade them at the same time.
#Folktale examples story code#
Nevertheless, fairy tales follow a representative pattern and a code that differentiate them from other genres, for instance fantasy stories. It is almost impossible to describe the fairy tale as a mere literary genre because, over the years, it became a cultural institution as well. Some of these stories goes much back than classical mythology and some variants appear in Latin and Greek texts too. Hence, the origin of folktales was one of the biggest mysteries in folktale studies, since in oral tradition they are transmitted through spoken language, and from generation to generation. In the 19th century Wilhelm Grimm believed that several of the fairy tales they made popular were ingrained in a shared cultural history native of the Indo-European language family. Grimm’s Fairy Tales generated a model that, in the course of time, has been stuck and adapted to the European tale.
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As a result, authentic composers and specific sources are unknown.įurthermore, collectors of folktales as the brothers Grimm and Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, rewrote and passed down those tales in a more literary form and the consequence is that they were no longer a popular creative material. On the contrary, in folktales the story was passed down orally by storytellers and it was pivotal to keep it close to the original as much as possible, although it may be complicated since many peculiar cultures are mixed in a way that fortifies the variations. Some fairy tales have roots in the oral tradition, but others, called literary fairy tales, were made up and written down. Even though it is arduous to clearly distinguish between the two genres, considering tales have changed significantly throughout the centuries, it must be stressed that in fairy tales, author and origin can be identified. Fairy tales and folktales have frequently been compared and differentiated by scholars in order to shed light on their relations and dissimilarities.